Get Loads of Damsons: Your Easy Growing Method

Are you yearning for the unique, slightly tart sweetness of homegrown damson plums, envisioning them transformed into delectable jams, preserves, or simply enjoyed fresh from your very own tree? Perhaps you’ve tried store-bought damsons and found them lacking the vibrant character you know this fruit can possess. The truth is, the most rewarding and flavorful damsons are those you nurture yourself, right in your own backyard. But where do you even begin? Don’t worry, because I’m here to share with you the secrets I’ve learned over years of cultivating these wonderful stone fruits. Together, we’ll explore the journey of growing your own damson fruits, ensuring you experience the satisfaction of a truly bountiful harvest.

Understanding Damson Trees: A Quick Overview

Before we delve into the nitty-gritty of cultivation, let’s take a moment to appreciate the damson tree itself. You’ll find that damson trees are generally smaller than many other fruit trees, often reaching heights of 10 to 15 feet at maturity, making them quite manageable for even smaller garden spaces. Their growth habit tends to be upright and somewhat bushy, creating an attractive silhouette in your landscape. One of the things I’ve always appreciated about them is their hardiness; damson trees exhibit good tolerance to colder climates compared to some of their more delicate plum cousins, which is a real bonus if you live in an area with distinct seasons.

When you consider the potential yield, a well-established damson tree can be surprisingly productive. Depending on the variety and growing conditions, you can expect a mature tree to produce several pounds, even tens of pounds, of fruit each season. The fruit itself, the damson plum, is typically smaller and more oval-shaped than your standard plum, with a distinctive deep blue or purple skin and a characteristically tart yet sweet flavor that intensifies when cooked. This unique flavor profile is what makes them so sought after for culinary uses.

Damson trees belong to the species Prunus domestica subsp. insititia*, a subspecies of plum known for its smaller, more intensely flavored fruit and its suitability for growing in less than ideal conditions. This lineage contributes to their resilience and adaptability. You might also hear them referred to simply as “damson plums,” and while botanically they are a type of plum, their distinct characteristics warrant their own special consideration in the fruit-growing world.

For those of you with limited space, or perhaps even an interest in container gardening, some dwarfing rootstocks are available for damson trees. Grafting onto these rootstocks can help keep the tree size even more compact, although fruiting in containers can present its own set of challenges that we can touch upon later. Generally, however, their naturally smaller stature makes them a welcome addition to many home gardens where space might be a premium.

Choosing the Right Damson Variety: A Guide

Now, when you decide to embark on the journey of how to grow damson fruits, one of the first and most crucial steps is selecting the right variety. Just like with apples or tomatoes, different damson varieties offer unique characteristics that can influence everything from fruit size and flavor to disease resistance and suitability for your local climate. Over the years, I’ve learned that taking the time to research and choose wisely at this stage can make a significant difference in your long-term success and enjoyment.

One of the most popular and widely available varieties you’ll encounter is the ‘Farleigh Damson’. ‘Farleigh Damson’ is renowned for its relatively large fruit size compared to other damsons and its reliable cropping. It also exhibits good disease resistance, which can be a significant advantage, especially for those of you who prefer a more hands-off or organic approach to gardening. Another excellent choice, particularly if you’re looking for a very traditional damson flavor, is the ‘Shropshire Prune’. ‘Shropshire Prune’ produces smaller, more oval fruits with an intensely rich and slightly tart flavor, making it a favorite for preserves and baking.

If you live in a region with a shorter growing season or are looking for a variety that ripens earlier, you might consider ‘Merryweather Damson’. ‘Merryweather Damson’ is known for its earlier ripening time and its relatively sweet fruit, making it a good option for those who prefer a less tart damson. On the other hand, if you’re interested in a more ornamental variety that also produces delicious fruit, ‘Blue Violet’ damson offers beautiful purple foliage in addition to its flavorful crops.

It’s also important for you to consider the concept of self-fertility. Many damson varieties are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit with their own pollen and don’t require a second tree for pollination. ‘Farleigh Damson’ and ‘Merryweather Damson’ are examples of self-fertile varieties. However, some varieties may benefit from or even require a pollination partner to set a good crop. If you’re considering a variety that isn’t self-fertile, you’ll need to ensure you have another compatible damson or plum variety nearby that blooms at the same time. Local nurseries and horticultural societies are invaluable resources for determining the pollination requirements of specific varieties in your area.

When you’re making your selection, I also encourage you to think about your intended use for the damsons. Are you primarily interested in eating them fresh, or do you envision turning them into jams, jellies, and baked goods? The flavor profile and texture can vary between varieties, so choosing one that aligns with your culinary preferences will ultimately lead to greater satisfaction. For instance, some varieties hold their shape better when cooked, while others have a more intense flavor that shines through in preserves.

Finally, don’t underestimate the importance of purchasing your tree from a reputable source. A healthy, well-grafted tree from a trusted nursery will have a much better chance of establishing quickly and thriving in your garden. They can also provide you with specific advice tailored to the varieties they offer and the growing conditions in your region. Taking the time to choose the right damson variety is an investment that will reward you with years of delicious fruit.

Where to Plant Your Damson Tree: Sunlight and Soil Considerations

Now that you’ve selected the perfect damson variety for your needs, the next crucial step in learning how to grow damson fruits successfully is choosing the ideal location for planting. Just like all fruiting plants, damson trees thrive when they receive ample sunlight. I’ve found that a location that provides at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight per day is essential for optimal fruit production. Without sufficient sunlight, you might notice reduced flowering, poor fruit set, and smaller, less flavorful damsons. So, when you’re surveying your garden, look for a spot that isn’t shaded by buildings, larger trees, or other obstructions for a significant portion of the day.

Beyond sunlight, the soil in your chosen location plays a vital role in the health and productivity of your damson tree. Damson trees prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. This type of soil allows for good aeration, which is crucial for healthy root development, while also retaining enough moisture to support the tree’s growth. If your soil is heavy clay or very sandy, you’ll want to take steps to amend it before planting. Incorporating compost, well-rotted manure, or other organic materials can significantly improve both the drainage and the fertility of your soil.

The ideal soil pH for damson trees is slightly acidic to neutral, generally ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. You can easily test your soil’s pH using a home testing kit or by sending a sample to your local agricultural extension office. If your soil is too acidic or too alkaline, you can amend it with lime to raise the pH or sulfur to lower it, following the recommendations of your soil test results.

I also want to emphasize the importance of proper drainage. Damson trees, like many other fruit trees, are susceptible to root rot if their roots are constantly sitting in waterlogged soil. Therefore, avoid planting in low-lying areas where water tends to accumulate after rain. If you have heavy clay soil that drains poorly, consider planting your tree on a slight mound or raised bed to improve drainage around the root zone.

Another factor to consider when choosing a planting location is protection from strong winds. While damson trees are relatively hardy, strong winds can damage blossoms, reduce pollination, and even break young branches. If your garden is prone to strong winds, try to select a spot that offers some natural protection, such as near a fence, hedge, or the leeward side of a building.

Finally, think about the mature size of your chosen damson variety when selecting a location. Ensure that there is enough space for the tree to grow to its full size without overcrowding other plants or structures. Proper spacing also promotes good air circulation, which can help to prevent fungal diseases. By carefully considering sunlight, soil conditions, drainage, wind protection, and mature size, you can provide your damson tree with the optimal foundation for a long and productive life.

Planting Your Damson Tree: A Step-by-Step Guide

Now that you’ve chosen the perfect spot, let’s get down to the practicalities of how to plant your damson tree. This is a crucial stage, and giving your new tree the best possible start will pay dividends in the years to come. I’ve planted many trees over the years, and following these steps will set you up for success.

Step 1: Digging the Planting Hole.

The planting hole should be at least twice as wide as the tree’s root ball and just as deep. This extra width allows the roots to spread out easily into the surrounding soil. Avoid digging the hole too deep, as you want the top of the root ball to be level with or slightly above the surrounding ground level.

Step 2: Preparing the Tree for Planting.

Gently remove the tree from its container. If the roots are circling tightly around the inside of the pot (a condition known as being “pot-bound”), carefully loosen them with your fingers or make a few vertical slices along the root ball. This encourages the roots to grow outwards into the new soil. If you’ve purchased a bare-root tree, soak the roots in a bucket of water for about an hour before planting to rehydrate them.

Step 3: Positioning the Tree Correctly.

Place the tree in the center of the planting hole. Ensure that the graft union (the slightly swollen area on the trunk near the base, if your tree is grafted) is a few inches above the soil line. This is important because if the graft union is buried, the rootstock may send up suckers, and the desired variety might not thrive.

Step 4: Backfilling with Soil.

Begin filling the hole with the soil you removed. If you amended the soil with compost or other organic matter, mix it in thoroughly. As you backfill, gently firm the soil around the roots to eliminate air pockets, but avoid compacting it too tightly. You want the roots to have good contact with the soil without being suffocated.

Step 5: Watering Thoroughly.

Once the hole is filled, water the newly planted tree deeply. This helps to settle the soil around the roots and provides the necessary moisture for establishment. You may notice the soil level drop slightly after watering, and you can add a little more soil if needed.

Additional Tips for Planting:

Staking: For young trees, especially in windy locations, staking can provide support during the first year or two while the root system establishes. Use soft ties to secure the trunk to the stake, allowing for some movement.
Mulching: After planting and watering, apply a layer of organic mulch (such as wood chips or shredded bark) around the base of the tree, keeping it a few inches away from the trunk. Mulch helps to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Initial Pruning: For newly planted trees, you might consider some light pruning to balance the root system and encourage good branching. Your nursery can provide guidance on this based on the type and age of your tree.

By following these steps carefully, you’ll give your damson tree a strong start in its new home, setting the stage for healthy growth and a future abundance of delicious fruit. Remember to be gentle with the roots during the planting process, as they are the lifeline of your new tree.

Watering Your Damson Tree: Finding the Right Balance

Once your damson tree is nestled in its new home, one of the most fundamental aspects of its ongoing care, and a key element in how to grow damson fruits successfully, is proper watering. I’ve learned that finding the right balance is crucial – too little water can stress the tree and hinder its growth and fruiting, while overwatering can lead to root rot, a condition that can be fatal.

During the first growing season after planting, consistent watering is particularly important to help your damson tree establish a strong root system. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. The frequency of watering will depend on various factors, including your local climate, the type of soil you have, and the weather conditions. During hot, dry periods, you’ll likely need to water more frequently than during cooler, wetter times.

A good way to gauge whether your tree needs water is to check the soil moisture around the base of the tree. Stick your finger about two inches into the soil; if it feels dry, it’s time to water. When you do water, make sure to water deeply, allowing the moisture to penetrate down to the root zone. Shallow, frequent watering can lead to a weak, surface-rooting system, making the tree more susceptible to drought stress.

As your damson tree matures, its watering needs might change slightly. While established trees are generally more drought-tolerant than young ones, they still benefit from regular watering, especially during critical periods such as flowering and fruit development. During prolonged dry spells, even mature damson trees can experience stress if they don’t receive supplemental watering. You might notice signs of water stress such as wilting leaves or premature fruit drop.

One technique I’ve found particularly helpful is to use mulch around the base of the tree. A layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips, shredded bark, or straw, helps to retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation. It also helps to regulate soil temperature and suppress weed growth, which can compete with your tree for water and nutrients. When applying mulch, be sure to keep it a few inches away from the tree trunk to prevent moisture buildup and potential bark rot.

It’s also worth noting that the type of soil you have will influence how often you need to water. Sandy soils tend to drain quickly and may require more frequent watering, while clay soils retain moisture for longer periods. Pay attention to your soil type and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.

Finally, be mindful of overwatering. Constantly saturated soil can deprive the roots of oxygen, leading to root rot. Signs of overwatering can include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and a general decline in the tree’s health. If you suspect overwatering, allow the soil to dry out before watering again and ensure that your planting location has good drainage. By observing your tree and the soil conditions, you’ll develop a good sense of its watering needs and be well on your way to a thriving damson harvest.

Fertilizing Your Damson Tree: Nourishing for Optimal Growth

Just like us, our damson trees need the right nutrients to grow strong, stay healthy, and produce a bountiful crop of delicious fruit. Understanding how and when to fertilize your damson tree is another key aspect of learning how to grow damson fruits successfully. While a healthy, well-prepared soil provides a good foundation, supplemental fertilization can often give your tree the extra boost it needs.

For newly planted damson trees, it’s generally best to hold off on heavy fertilization during the first growing season. The focus at this stage is on root establishment. However, you can incorporate some well-rotted compost into the planting hole, as this provides a gentle release of nutrients and improves soil structure.

Once your damson tree is established (typically from the second year onwards), you can begin a regular fertilization program. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer applied in early spring, just before new growth begins, is often a good approach. Look for a fertilizer that is formulated for fruit trees or one with a balanced ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), such as a 10-10-10 or similar formulation. Nitrogen promotes leafy growth, phosphorus supports root and flower development, and potassium contributes to overall vigor and fruit production.

The amount of fertilizer you need to apply will depend on the age and size of your tree, as well as the specific formulation of the fertilizer you’re using. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the fertilizer packaging. As a general guideline, younger, smaller trees will require less fertilizer than mature, larger ones. It’s also better to err on the side of under-fertilizing rather than over-fertilizing, as excessive fertilization can sometimes lead to lush foliage growth at the expense of fruit production or even damage the tree.

As your damson tree matures and begins to bear fruit, you might consider adjusting your fertilization program slightly. Some gardeners find it beneficial to apply a second, lighter application of a fertilizer higher in phosphorus and potassium in late spring or early summer, after the fruit has set. This can help to support fruit development and ripening. However, avoid fertilizing too late in the season, as this can encourage new growth that may be susceptible to winter damage.

Soil testing can be an invaluable tool in determining the specific nutrient needs of your damson tree. Your local agricultural extension office can provide information on how to take a soil sample and have it analyzed. The results of a soil test will tell you the levels of various nutrients in your soil and provide recommendations for any necessary amendments or specific fertilizers to use. This targeted approach ensures that you’re providing your tree with exactly what it needs, avoiding unnecessary applications.

For those of you interested in organic gardening, there are several excellent organic fertilizer options available for damson trees. These include compost, well-rotted manure, bone meal (rich in phosphorus), and wood ash (rich in potassium). Organic fertilizers release nutrients more slowly and also help to improve soil structure and microbial activity.

Finally, pay attention to the overall health and growth of your damson tree. Healthy, vigorous growth and good fruit production are often indicators that your fertilization program is on track. If you notice signs of nutrient deficiencies, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth, it’s time to revisit your fertilization strategy and consider additional measures, such as a soil test or consulting with a local gardening expert.

By providing your damson tree with the right nutrients, you’ll be well on your way to a healthy and productive tree that rewards you with a bountiful harvest of delicious fruit.

Pruning Your Damson Tree: Shaping and Maintaining

Just like any other tree, your damson tree will benefit from regular pruning. Pruning is more than just removing dead or damaged branches; it’s a crucial practice that helps to shape the tree, improve air circulation, and encourage healthy growth and fruit production.

When to Prune:

The best time to prune your damson tree is during the dormant season, typically in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Pruning during this time minimizes the risk of bleeding and helps to prevent the spread of certain diseases.

Types of Pruning:

Thinning: This involves removing entire branches, especially those that are crossing, rubbing, or growing inward towards the center of the tree. Thinning helps to open up the canopy, allowing more light and air to reach the remaining branches.
Heading Back: This involves cutting back the tips of branches to encourage branching and increase the density of the tree. It’s particularly useful for shaping young trees and maintaining a desired size.
Removal of Dead or Diseased Wood: Regularly inspect your tree and remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches to maintain its health and vigor.

Pruning Techniques:

Use clean and sharp pruning shears: This will help to make clean cuts and minimize the risk of disease transmission.
Make cuts at an angle: Cut branches at a slight angle, just above a bud or outward-facing branch.
Avoid leaving stubs: Make clean cuts rather than leaving long stubs, as they can be more susceptible to disease.
If you’re unsure about how to prune, consult with a local arborist or a knowledgeable gardener. They can provide guidance based on the specific characteristics of your tree and its growth habit.

Pruning for Fruit Production:

Young trees: Focus on establishing a strong framework for the tree by removing any weak or crossing branches.
Mature trees: Prune to maintain a balanced shape, remove any dead or diseased wood, and encourage the development of fruiting spurs.
Overgrown trees: If your damson tree has become overgrown, you may need to perform more extensive pruning to rejuvenate it. This can involve removing some of the larger branches to open up the canopy and encourage new growth.

Remember, pruning is an ongoing process. You’ll need to continue to prune your damson tree each year to maintain its shape, encourage healthy growth, and ensure optimal fruit production. By following these guidelines and observing your tree’s growth habits, you can learn to prune effectively and help your damson tree thrive.

Protecting Your Damson Tree from Pests and Diseases

Even with the best care, your damson tree may encounter some challenges along the way. Pests and diseases can affect the health and productivity of your tree, so it’s important to be aware of common threats and take steps to protect your investment.

Common Pests:

Aphids: These tiny sap-sucking insects can infest young shoots and leaves, causing them to curl and distort.
Plum Curculio: This weevil lays its eggs inside developing fruits, causing them to drop prematurely.
Scale Insects: These small, immobile insects attach themselves to the bark and sap-feed on the tree.

Common Diseases:

Black Knot: This fungal disease causes black, swollen growths on branches and twigs, which can weaken and eventually kill the tree.
Silver Leaf: This fungal disease causes leaves to turn silvery-white and can also affect branches.
Bacterial Canker: This bacterial disease can cause cankers on branches, leading to dieback and reduced fruit production.

Prevention and Control Strategies:

Choose disease-resistant varieties: When selecting your damson tree, choose varieties known for their resistance to common diseases.
Maintain good tree health: Ensure that your tree is properly watered, fertilized, and pruned to promote healthy growth and vigor. Healthy trees are better able to withstand pest and disease pressure.
Practice good sanitation: Remove and destroy any fallen leaves, twigs, or fruit to reduce the chances of disease spread.
Monitor your tree regularly: Regularly inspect your tree for signs of pests or diseases. Early detection is key to effective management.
Encourage beneficial insects: Planting flowers that attract beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can help to control pest populations.
Use organic pest control methods: Consider using insecticidal soap or neem oil to control pests. These products are less harmful to beneficial insects and the environment.
Consult with a local arborist or horticultural expert: If you suspect your tree has a serious pest or disease problem, consult with a professional for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

By following these preventative measures and taking prompt action when necessary, you can minimize the impact of pests and diseases on your damson tree and ensure a healthy and productive harvest for years to come. Remember, prevention is always the best defense!

Harvesting and Enjoying Your Damson Fruits

The culmination of all your hard work and care is finally here – harvest time! Harvesting your damsons is a rewarding experience, and the fruits of your labor are sure to be delicious.

When to Harvest:

Damsons are typically ready for harvest in late summer or early fall, depending on your variety and local climate. The best time to pick is when the fruits are fully ripe but still firm. Ripe damsons will have a deep blue or purple color and will easily come away from the branch with a gentle twist.

Harvesting Tips:

Use a ladder or stepladder: This will help you reach the higher branches and prevent you from straining your back.
Handle the fruit gently: Avoid bruising the fruit, as this can shorten its shelf life.
Pick only the ripe fruits: Leave unripe fruit on the tree to continue ripening.
Harvest in the morning or evening: This is when the temperatures are cooler, which can help to prevent the fruit from spoiling quickly.

Enjoying Your Harvest:

Damsons are best known for their tart flavor and are often used for cooking and preserving. Here are some ideas for enjoying your harvest:

Fresh Eating: While damsons are tart when eaten fresh, some varieties can be enjoyed straight from the tree. Look for damsons that are fully ripe and slightly soft.
Jams and Jellies: Damsons are perfect for making jams and jellies. Their high pectin content makes them easy to set.
Chutneys and Sauces: The tart flavor of damsons makes them ideal for chutneys and savory sauces, which can be used to complement meats and cheeses.
Baking: Damsons can be used in a variety of baked goods, such as pies, tarts, crumbles, and cakes. Their tartness adds a unique flavor dimension to sweet desserts.
Damson Gin: Damsons can be used to make a delicious and unique gin by steeping them in gin for several weeks.
Freezing: Damsons can be frozen for later use. Wash the fruits thoroughly, remove any stems, and spread them out on a baking sheet in a single layer. Freeze until solid, then transfer them to an airtight container and store in the freezer.

No matter how you choose to enjoy your damson harvest, remember to savor the fruits of your labor and the satisfaction of growing your own food. Happy harvesting!

Troubleshooting Common Growing Problems

Even with the best care, your damson tree may encounter some challenges along the way. It’s important to be able to recognize and address any issues that arise to ensure the health and productivity of your tree.

Common Growing Problems:

Lack of Fruit Production: If your damson tree consistently fails to produce fruit, there could be several reasons. Insufficient pollination, improper pruning, or nutrient deficiencies can all contribute to poor fruit set.
Premature Fruit Drop: If young fruits are dropping prematurely, it could be due to factors such as poor pollination, drought stress, or pests like plum curculio.
Leaf Discoloration or Spotting: Yellowing, browning, or spotting of leaves can indicate various problems, including nutrient deficiencies, diseases, or pest infestations.
Poor Tree Vigor: If your damson tree is exhibiting weak growth, sparse foliage, or overall decline, it may be experiencing stress due to environmental factors, pests, diseases, or improper care.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Observe and Diagnose: Carefully observe your tree for any signs of distress. Note any unusual leaf color changes, wilting, or the presence of pests or diseases.
Check for Common Issues: Consider the factors mentioned above, such as pollination, watering, fertilization, and pest and disease pressure.
Consult with Experts: If you’re unable to diagnose the problem, consult with a local arborist, a county extension agent, or a knowledgeable gardener. They can provide expert advice tailored to your specific situation.
Take Corrective Action: Once you’ve identified the cause of the problem, take appropriate corrective action. This may include adjusting your watering schedule, fertilizing the tree, controlling pests, or treating diseases.

By proactively addressing any potential problems, you can help to ensure the long-term health and productivity of your damson tree. Remember, patience and observation are key to successful fruit tree cultivation.

FAQ Section: Addressing Common Questions

Growing damson trees can raise many questions for new and experienced gardeners alike. Here are some frequently asked questions and their answers to help you on your way:

Q: When is the best time to plant a damson tree?

A: The best time to plant a damson tree is typically in the fall or early spring, after the danger of frost has passed. Planting in the fall allows the roots to establish themselves before the onset of winter, while spring planting allows the tree to take advantage of the growing season.

Q: How far apart should I plant damson trees?

A: Damson trees typically require 15-20 feet of space between them to allow for adequate air circulation and sunlight penetration. This spacing ensures that each tree receives sufficient sunlight and nutrients for optimal growth and fruit production.

Q: Do damson trees require cross-pollination?

A: Some damson varieties are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit with their own pollen and don’t require a second tree for pollination. However, other varieties may benefit from or even require cross-pollination with another compatible damson or plum variety. It’s always a good idea to check the pollination requirements of the specific damson variety you have chosen.

Q: How long does it take for a damson tree to start producing fruit?

A: Young damson trees may take 3-5 years to start producing a significant fruit crop. Patience is key! During the first few years, the tree will focus on establishing its root system and building its canopy. Once it reaches maturity, you can expect a consistent annual harvest.

Q: Can I grow damson trees in containers?

A: While possible, growing damson trees in containers can be more challenging and may limit their size and fruit production. Dwarfing rootstocks can be used to help keep the tree size manageable. However, container-grown trees will require more frequent watering and fertilization, as the soil volume is limited.

I hope these answers address some of your common questions about growing damson trees. Remember, every garden and every growing season is unique. Observe your trees carefully, and don’t hesitate to seek advice from local experts or experienced gardeners if you encounter any unexpected challenges. Happy gardening!